Cryptography refers to the science of rendering information unrecognizable and thus useless to those without proper authorization. This field includes mathematics, computer science and engineering. While cryptography was initially applied to protect message confidentiality, it has grown to include issues such as privacy concerns, data integrity, identity authentication, secure computing and more. This article introduces the field of cryptography, defines the basic concepts of encryption and decryption and discusses related concepts. It also explores current uses of cryptography in the information security [...]